John Robert Schrieffer: The Nobel Laureate Who Unraveled the Mystery of Superconductivity

A Groundbreaking Physicist

John Robert Schrieffer is renowned for developing the BCS theory, the first successful quantum theory of superconductivity, earning him the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics alongside John Bardeen and Leon Cooper. This pioneering work revolutionized the field of physics, explaining the phenomenon of superconductivity, where certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance at extremely low temperatures.

Early Life and Education

Born on May 31, 1931, in Oak Park, Illinois, Schrieffer grew up in a family that valued education and encouraged his curiosity. His early fascination with homemade rockets and ham radio sparked an interest in electrical engineering, which eventually led him to study physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Under the guidance of John C. Slater, Schrieffer completed his bachelor's thesis on multiplets in heavy atoms in 1953.

The Eureka Moment

It was during his graduate studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that Schrieffer's collaboration with Bardeen and Cooper led to the breakthrough discovery of the BCS theory. While riding a New York City subway in January 1957, Schrieffer had an epiphany, conceiving the mathematical description of the ground state of superconducting electrons. This revelation, together with the work of his collaborators, formed the foundation of the BCS theory.

Career Highlights

• Research Assistant to John Bardeen at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Developed the BCS theory, explaining superconductivity in metals
• Awarded the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and Leon Cooper
• Professor at the University of Pennsylvania and later at Florida State University

Influence on Modern Society

Schrieffer's work on superconductivity has had a profound impact on various fields, including:

• Energy transmission and storage: Superconducting materials enable efficient energy transmission and storage, paving the way for sustainable energy solutions
• Medical applications: Superconducting magnets are used in MRI machines, revolutionizing medical imaging
• Transportation: Superconducting materials are being explored for use in high-speed transportation systems, such as magnetic levitation trains

Personal Milestones and Legacy

Schrieffer's legacy extends beyond his scientific contributions. He was a devoted teacher, mentor, and family man, leaving behind a legacy of inspiration and discovery.

• Married to Anne Grete (née Thorsen) since 1960, with two children
• Passionate about sailing and tennis
• Passed away on July 27, 2019, at the age of 88, leaving behind a rich scientific heritage

Quotes and Memorable Sayings

"I think the most important thing in science is to be willing to take risks, to ask questions that others might think are silly, and to be willing to be wrong." — John Robert Schrieffer

Awards and Honors

• 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics
• Fellow of the American Physical Society
• Member of the National Academy of Sciences

Schrieffer's groundbreaking work on superconductivity has left an indelible mark on the world of physics, inspiring future generations of scientists and engineers to push the boundaries of human knowledge.