 
        Developed theories on probability, statistics, and algebra, and is credited with inventing the Chebyshev's inequality, a fundamental concept in statistical analysis.
 
                Born in 1856
Developed the theory of Markov chains, a mathematical system that undergoes transitions from one state to another, and is widely used in computer science, biology, and economics.
Born in 1903
Developed theories on probability, topology, and complexity, making significant contributions to modern mathematics and computer science.
Born in 1792
Developed a new branch of geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, which challenged traditional views and paved the way for major advancements in mathematics and physics. His work also influenced the development of Einstein's theory of relativity.
Born in 1711
A Russian polymath who made significant contributions to various fields, including the discovery of the atmosphere of Venus and the development of a comprehensive theory of the Earth's origin. They are also credited with founding Moscow State University.
Born in 1707
Pioneering mathematician and physicist who made immense contributions to fields like calculus, number theory, and optics, shaping the course of modern mathematics and physics.
Born in 1736
Developed calculus, number theory, and celestial mechanics, making significant contributions to the fields of mathematics and astronomy.
Born in 1749
Developed nebular hypothesis of the origin of the solar system and formulated Laplace's equation, a fundamental concept in mathematics and physics. He's considered the founder of celestial mechanics.
Born in 1752
Developed the theory of elliptic integrals, and his work on number theory laid the foundation for modern cryptography.