The pope who condemned Galileo's heliocentric theory and established the Immaculate Conception as Catholic dogma, shaping the Church's stance on science and theology.
Born in 1920
Leader of the Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005, known for helping to end communism in Poland and being a charismatic advocate for human rights and social justice.
99 Years Old
The first pope to resign in nearly 600 years, he's known for his conservative views and efforts to strengthen the Catholic Church's traditional teachings. He's also a prolific writer and theologian.
89 Years Old
The leader of the Catholic Church, known for his progressive stance on social issues and efforts to reform the Church, inspiring millions worldwide.
Born in 1535
The second shortest-reigning pope in history, serving for just 27 days in 1605, he is most known for his brief but tumultuous papacy marked by power struggles and controversy.