Fresh from a series of defeats, the Ottoman Empire's fortunes took a turn for the worse when their army, led by Sultan Mustafa II, clashed with the forces of Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I, at Zenta, Hungary. The Ottomans, heavily reliant on their elite Janissary corps, were caught off guard by the Holy Roman Empire's clever tactic of deploying troops in a series of trenches, neutralizing the Ottoman cavalry's advantage. The subsequent rout was nothing short of catastrophic, with reports suggesting up to 30,000 Ottoman soldiers fell, including the Grand Vizier, Elmas Mehmed Pasha. The crushing defeat marked a significant turning point in the Great Turkish War, paving the way for the eventual Treaty of Karlowitz, which would see the Ottoman Empire cede significant territory to European powers.