Ellen Hayes: The Pioneering Mathematician and Astronomer

A Trailblazer in Education and Radical Causes

Ellen Amanda Hayes was a renowned American mathematician and astronomer who defied conventions in a era where women were scarce in academia. She is best known for being a pioneering female college professor, her groundbreaking work in mathematics and astronomy, and her unwavering commitment to radical causes such as women's suffrage and dress reform.

Early Life and Education

Born on September 23, 1851, in Granville, Ohio, Ellen Hayes was the first of six children to Ruth Rebecca Wolcott Hayes and Charles Coleman Hayes. Her academic journey began at the Centerville school, a one-room ungraded public school, where she studied at the tender age of seven. In 1867, at just 16, she started teaching at a country school, demonstrating her early aptitude for education.

Academic Pursuits and Career Highlights

Hayes entered the preparatory department at Oberlin College in 1872 and was admitted as a freshman in 1875. Her undergraduate studies focused on mathematics and science, laying the foundation for her future accomplishments. In 1878, she earned her bachelor's degree from Oberlin and began teaching at Adrian College. This marked the beginning of her illustrious career in academia.

Teaching and Research at Wellesley College

From 1879 until her retirement in 1916, Hayes taught at Wellesley College, where she became the head of the mathematics department in 1888 and the head of the new department of applied mathematics in 1897. Her teaching style was rigorous, with high standards for her students. Despite this, she commanded a loyal following among her students.

Astronomical Contributions

Hayes' work in astronomy was remarkable, particularly her determination of the orbit of the newly discovered asteroid 267 Tirza while studying at the Leander McCormick Observatory at the University of Virginia. This achievement showcased her exceptional skills in mathematics and astronomy.

Philosophical Contributions and Beliefs

Ellen Hayes was known for her unconventional views and radical causes. She questioned the truth of the Bible in front of her students, demonstrating her commitment to intellectual freedom and critical thinking. Her advocacy for women's suffrage and dress reform was evident in her regular column in the Wellesley College newspaper, where she championed these causes.

Personal Milestones and Key Life Events

Hayes' personal life was marked by her strong will and utilitarian approach to dressing. She rejecting the fashionable garments worn by many women of the day, opting for practical attire instead. Her disputes over admission policies led to her removal as head of the mathematics department, but this did not deter her from pursuing her passions.

Legacy and Impact

Ellen Hayes' legacy extends far beyond her academic achievements. She paved the way for future generations of women in mathematics and astronomy, inspiring them to pursue careers in these fields. Her commitment to radical causes and her unwavering dedication to education have left an indelible mark on modern society.

Today, Ellen Hayes is remembered as a true pioneer, whose contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and education continue to inspire and motivate individuals around the world.