Pioneering chemist and peace activist who won two unshared Nobel Prizes, one for chemistry and one for peace, for his groundbreaking work on the nature of the chemical bond and his tireless efforts to promote nuclear disarmament.
Linus Pauling, one of the most influential chemists of the 20th century, is renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to the fields of quantum chemistry, molecular biology, and peace activism. With two unshared Nobel Prizes to his name, Pauling is one of the five individuals to have achieved this rare feat, and the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in different fields.
Born on February 28, 1901, in Portland, Oregon, Pauling grew up in a family that emphasized education and intellectual curiosity. His early interest in chemistry was sparked by a friend's chemistry set, which led him to pursue a degree in chemical engineering from Oregon State University. He later earned his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1925.
Pauling's work revolutionized the understanding of chemical bonds, introducing the concept of orbital hybridization and developing the first accurate scale of electronegativities of the elements. His book, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, published in 1939, became a seminal work in the field of quantum chemistry. Pauling's research on the structures of biological molecules, including proteins and DNA, paved the way for the discovery of the DNA double helix structure by James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin.
Pauling's remarkable contributions to science earned him numerous awards and honors, including:
In the 1950s and 1960s, Pauling became increasingly active in the peace movement, advocating for nuclear disarmament and an end to nuclear testing. He was a vocal critic of the Vietnam War and participated in anti-war protests. Throughout his life, Pauling remained committed to his scientific pursuits, continuing to research and publish on topics such as orthomolecular medicine and the health benefits of vitamin C.
Pauling married Ava Helen Miller in 1923, and the couple had three children together. He was known for his strong sense of social responsibility, which was reflected in his involvement with the Civil Rights Movement and his support for women's rights.
Pauling's work has had a profound impact on modern society, influencing fields such as:
Linus Pauling's remarkable career, spanning over six decades, has left an indelible mark on the scientific community. His pioneering work in quantum chemistry and molecular biology has paved the way for countless breakthroughs in various fields. As a peace activist, Pauling's tireless efforts towards nuclear disarmament and international cooperation continue to inspire generations of scientists and humanitarians.
Pauling's wisdom and wit are reflected in his famous quotes, including:
"The best way to have a good idea is to have a lot of ideas."
Linus Pauling passed away on August 19, 1994, leaving behind a legacy of groundbreaking scientific achievements, a commitment to peace and social justice, and an indelible mark on the world.
Born in 1916
Pioneering scientist who discovered the structure of DNA, revolutionizing our understanding of genetics and life itself.
97 Years Old
Discovered the structure of DNA, revolutionizing our understanding of genetics and earning a Nobel Prize. Pioneering work in molecular biology has far-reaching implications for medicine and beyond.
Born in 1920
A British scientist who contributed significantly to the discovery of the structure of DNA, providing high-quality X-ray crystallography images that helped James Watson and Francis Crick develop their famous model.
Born in 1916
A Nobel Prize-winning physicist and biologist who contributed significantly to the discovery of the structure of DNA, using X-ray crystallography to produce the first clear images of the molecule.
Born in 1879
A brilliant physicist who developed the theory of relativity and is considered one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century, known for his groundbreaking work in physics and mathematics.
Born in 1918
A brilliant physicist and engineer who pioneered quantum mechanics and famously explained complex concepts in simple terms, making science accessible to all.
Born in 1867
A pioneering scientist who pioneered radioactivity research, discovering elements polonium and radium, and paving the way for breakthroughs in medicine and energy.
