Written by: Penelope Wildwood

Barnett Newman: The Maverick of Abstract Expressionism

Known for his bold, color-field paintings that evoke a sense of place and contemplation, Barnett Newman is regarded as one of the most influential figures of abstract expressionism. His iconic "zip" paintings, characterized by bold, vertical lines that divide vast fields of color, have become synonymous with the movement.

Early Life and Inspirations

Born on January 29, 1905, in New York City to Jewish immigrant parents from Poland, Newman's early life was shaped by his family's cultural heritage and the cosmopolitan landscape of the city. He studied philosophy at the City College of New York, which would later influence his artistic philosophy. Newman's early career saw him working as a teacher, writer, and critic, before eventually turning to art full-time.

The Evolution of a Style

Newman's artistic journey began in the 1930s, during which he experimented with expressionist styles, eventually destroying most of these early works. The 1940s saw him gravitate towards surrealism, but it wasn't until the late 1940s that he developed his signature style, characterized by bold, color-field paintings. This breakthrough was marked by his first solo show at the Betty Parsons Gallery in 1948.

Philosophy and Writings

Newman was not only a painter but also a prolific writer and critic. He believed that art was an act of defiance against humanity's fall from the Garden of Eden, and that artists were the first men. His writings, including catalogue forewords and reviews, were a means to assert his artistic identity and promote his work. In a letter to Sidney Janis in 1955, he wrote, "My struggle against bourgeois society has involved the total rejection of it."

Major Works and Contributions

• Onement VI (1953): A seminal work that showcases Newman's signature "zip" technique, featuring a bold, blue line that divides a vast, orange field.
• Who's Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue (1966): A series of paintings that exemplify Newman's use of color and form to evoke a sense of place and emotion.
• Stations of the Cross (1958-1964): A series of 14 paintings that visually represent the Stations of the Cross, showcasing Newman's ability to convey powerful emotions through color and form.

Influence and Legacy

Newman's contributions to abstract expressionism have been immense, inspiring generations of artists to explore the emotional and expressive potential of color and form. His influence can be seen in the works of artists such as Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollock, and Robert Rauschenberg. Today, Newman's paintings are held in high esteem, with many considered icons of modern art.

Personal Life and Milestones

Newman married Annalee Greenhouse in 1936, whom he met while working as a substitute teacher. He was known for his strong convictions and independence, often challenging the art establishment and bourgeois society. Throughout his life, Newman remained committed to his artistic vision, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire and provoke.