Boris Pasternak: A Literary Giant of the 20th Century

A Revolutionary Poet and Novelist

Boris Pasternak, a Russian poet, novelist, composer, and literary translator, is best known for his iconic novel, Doctor Zhivago, which captures the essence of the Russian Revolution and its aftermath. This masterpiece, published in 1957, has become an integral part of Russian literature, earning Pasternak the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958.

Early Life and Education

Born on February 10, 1890, in Moscow, Russia, Pasternak was part of a wealthy, assimilated Jewish family. His father, Leonid Pasternak, was a post-Impressionist painter and professor at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture. His mother, Rosa Kaufman, was a concert pianist and daughter of Odessa industrialist Isadore Kaufman. Pasternak's family claimed descent from Isaac Abarbanel, a 15th-century Sephardic Jewish philosopher, Bible commentator, and treasurer of Portugal.

Literary Contributions and Translations

Pasternak's literary career began in 1917 with the composition of his first book of poems, My Sister, Life, published in Berlin in 1922. This collection became an essential part of Russian literature, showcasing his unique style and mastery of language. In addition to his own writings, Pasternak was an accomplished translator, rendering works by Goethe, Schiller, Caldern de la Barca, and Shakespeare into Russian. His translations remain incredibly popular among Russian audiences, demonstrating his versatility and dedication to the world of literature.

Doctor Zhivago: A Novel of Epic Proportions

Doctor Zhivago, published in 1957, is Pasternak's magnum opus, a sweeping novel that spans the Russian Revolution of 1905 to the Second World War. This monumental work tells the story of Yuri Zhivago, a physician and poet, as he navigates the turbulent landscape of early 20th-century Russia. The novel's themes of love, family, and social upheaval continue to resonate with readers worldwide.

Awards and Controversies

Due to its perceived anti-Soviet themes, Doctor Zhivago was initially rejected for publication in the USSR. However, the manuscript was smuggled to Italy, where it was first published in 1957. This bold move led to Pasternak being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958. However, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union forced him to decline the prize, citing his perceived disloyalty to the Soviet regime.

Legacy and Impact

Despite the controversy surrounding Doctor Zhivago, the novel has become an integral part of Russian literature, earning a place in the country's school curriculum since 2003. In 1989, Pasternak's son, Yevgeny, finally accepted the Nobel Prize on his father's behalf. Today, Boris Pasternak is revered as a literary giant, his works continuing to inspire and captivate readers worldwide.

Philosophical Contributions and Beliefs

Through his writing, Pasternak explored themes of individuality, morality, and the human condition. His philosophy was rooted in a deep respect for human life and a commitment to artistic expression. He believed that literature had the power to transcend boundaries and foster empathy, understanding, and social change.

Personal Milestones and Key Life Events

• 1890: Born in Moscow, Russia
• 1904-1907: Attended Holy Dormition Pochayev Lavra
• 1917: Composed his first book of poems, My Sister, Life
• 1922: Published My Sister, Life in Berlin
• 1957: Published Doctor Zhivago in Italy
• 1958: Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature
• 1960: Passed away on May 30
• 1989: Son Yevgeny accepted the Nobel Prize on his behalf

Trivia and Fun Facts

• Pasternak's family claimed descent from Isaac Abarbanel, a 15th-century Sephardic Jewish philosopher.
• He was a trained pianist and composer, and even considered pursuing music as a career.
• Pasternak's translations of Shakespeare's works are still widely performed in Russia today.