Charles Momsen: The Pioneer of Submarine Rescue

A Hero to the Trapped and a Legacy to the Navy

Charles Momsen, affectionately known as "Swede," is renowned for his groundbreaking invention of the underwater escape device, later dubbed the Momsen lung. This innovative contraption earned him the prestigious Navy Distinguished Service Medal in 1929. But there's more to Momsen's remarkable story, which spans a lifetime of dedication to the United States Navy and the pursuit of saving lives.

Early Years and Navy Career

Born on June 21, 1896, in Flushing, New York, Momsen's journey began when he entered the U.S. Naval Academy in 1914. Although he was initially dismissed due to a cheating scandal, he persevered, reappearing at the Academy, and eventually graduating in 1919, one year early, due to World War I. Momsen's navy career took off, with stints on the battleship Oklahoma (1919-1921) and the submarine O-15 SS-76 (1922). He later commanded the submarine S-1 SS-105, one of the US Navy's newest designs at the time.

The Diving and Rescue Pioneer

It was during his time on S-1 that Momsen's attention turned to the pressing issue of rescuing trapped submariners. The incident that sparked his interest was the collision of S-51 SS-162 with the freighter City of Rome in 1925, resulting in the loss of the submarine. Determined to find a solution, Momsen conceived a diving bell that could be lowered to a distressed submarine, mate with an escape hatch, and allow trapped crew members to climb in. This innovative idea was the starting point for his future invention.

The Momsen Lung and the Rescue of Squalus

In 1929, Momsen's tireless efforts culminated in the development of the Momsen lung, an underwater escape device that revolutionized submarine rescue. This invention enabled crew members to escape from a stranded submarine by breathing compressed air while ascending to the surface. On May 25, 1939, Momsen directed the rescue of the crew of Squalus SS-192, marking a significant milestone in navy history. His invention and expertise saved 26 lives, cementing his reputation as a pioneer in submarine rescue.

Awards and Legacy

Throughout his illustrious career, Momsen received numerous accolades, including the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, and the Navy Commendation Medal. Momsen's contributions to the navy and the development of submarine rescue services have left an indelible mark on the history of the United States Navy. His selfless dedication to saving lives has inspired generations of sailors and rescue professionals, ensuring his legacy continues to have a profound impact on modern submarine operations.

Personal Milestones and Key Life Events

• June 21, 1896: Born in Flushing, New York
• 1914: Entered the U.S. Naval Academy
• 1919: Graduated from the Naval Academy, one year early due to World War I
• 1921: Served on the battleship Oklahoma
• 1922: Commanded the submarine O-15 SS-76
• 1925: Conceived the diving bell concept for submarine rescue
• 1929: Developed the Momsen lung and received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
• May 25, 1939: Directed the rescue of the crew of Squalus SS-192
• May 25, 1967: Passed away at the age of 70

Trivial Yet Fascinating Facts

• Momsen was nicknamed "Swede" due to his Scandinavian appearance.
• He was an avid swimmer and held the naval Academy's swimming championship title for two years.

As we reflect on Charles Momsen's remarkable life, we are reminded of the power of innovation, perseverance, and dedication. His pioneering spirit has left an enduring impact on the world of submarine rescue, forever changing the course of naval history.