A Dutch politician who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1925 to 1926 and again from 1933 to 1939, known for his economic policies and leadership during the Great Depression.
Hendrikus Colijn is best known for his two terms as Prime Minister of the Netherlands, serving from 1925-1926 and again from 1933-1939. During his tenure, he made significant contributions to the country's politics, economy, and international relations, but his legacy is also marred by controversy and accusations of war crimes.
Colijn was born on June 22, 1869, in Haarlemmermeer, Netherlands, to Antonie Colijn and Anna Verkuijl. He was the first of six children, and his family moved to the Land of Altena when he was young. Colijn's early life was marked by a strong sense of duty and service, as he joined the military academy in Kampen at the age of 16. He graduated as a second lieutenant in 1892 and went on to serve in the Dutch East Indies, where he spent 16 years in the colonial army and administration.
After his return to the Netherlands, Colijn began his political career as a member of the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP). He quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a prominent figure in Dutch politics. In 1925, he was appointed Prime Minister for the first time, serving until 1926. He returned to the position in 1933 and remained in office until 1939.
Colijn's time in the Dutch East Indies was marked by controversy, and his letters to his wife revealed a darker side of his military service. He participated in and condoned acts of brutality, including the killing of women and children, which would be considered severe war crimes by modern standards. These actions have tarnished his legacy and made him a divisive figure in Dutch history.
Despite the controversies surrounding his military service, Colijn's contributions to Dutch politics and economy cannot be ignored. During his time as Prime Minister, he implemented significant reforms, including the introduction of universal healthcare and old-age pensions. He also played a crucial role in maintaining the Netherlands' neutrality during the early years of World War II.
Colijn married Helena Groenenberg in 1893, and they had no children together. He passed away on September 18, 1944, at the age of 75. His legacy is complex and multifaceted, reflecting both the accomplishments and controversies of his life.
Colijn's writings and speeches reveal a complex and nuanced individual. One of his most striking quotes is: "I have seen a mother carrying a child of about 6 months old on her left arm, with a long lance in her right hand, who was running in our direction. One of our bullets killed the mother as well as the child." This quote highlights the harsh reality of war and the difficult choices he faced during his military service.
Born in 1886
A Dutch politician and historian who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1948 to 1958, leading the country's post-war reconstruction and social reform efforts. He's known for his progressive policies and strong leadership during a pivotal period in Dutch history.
Born in 1902
The 36th Prime Minister of the Netherlands, a Dutch academic and politician, served as a leader during post-WWII reconstruction and played a key role in shaping the country's modern identity. He's also known for his efforts in establishing the European Coal and Steel Community, a precursor to the EU.
Born in 1918
A Dutch economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands, known for his leadership during a period of economic growth and his role in shaping the country's post-war economy.
