A Crow Nation historian and warrior who preserved Native American culture through his writings and storytelling, earning him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Joe Medicine Crow, a renowned Native American writer, historian, and war chief of the Crow Tribe, is best known for his extensive research and writings on Native American history, particularly the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876. Through his works, he preserved the stories and traditions of his people, earning him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009.
Born on October 27, 1913, on the Crow Indian Reservation near Lodge Grass, Montana, Medicine Crow was part of a long line of distinguished Crow warriors. His father, Leo Medicine Crow, was a highly respected chief, and his maternal stepgrandfather, White Man Runs Him, was a scout for General George Armstrong Custer and an eyewitness to the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Medicine Crow grew up listening to stories from his stepgrandfather about the Battle of Little Bighorn, which sparked his interest in history and storytelling. He attended Bacone College in Muskogee, Oklahoma, where he honed his writing skills and began documenting the history and culture of the Crow people.
During World War II, Medicine Crow served as a scout in the 103rd Infantry Division of the U.S. Army, earning the Bronze Star Medal and the Légion d'honneur for his bravery. His wartime experiences further fueled his passion for preserving the stories of his ancestors and sharing them with the world.
Medicine Crow was a founding member of the Traditional Circle of Indian Elders and Youth, dedicated to preserving Native American culture and traditions. Through his writings and lectures, he aimed to educate people about the rich history and experiences of Native Americans, dispelling stereotypes and misconceptions.
Medicine Crow's seminal works include his books on the Battle of Little Bighorn and Crow history, as well as his memoir, Counting Coup: Becoming a Crow Chief on the Reservation and Beyond. He is celebrated as the last war chief of the Crow Tribe and the last Plains Indian war chief, leaving behind a legacy of cultural preservation and historical significance.
Joe Medicine Crow's extraordinary life and work have left an indelible mark on Native American history and culture. His dedication to preserving the stories of his people has inspired generations, ensuring that the rich heritage of the Crow Nation continues to thrive.
80 Years Old
First female principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, leading her people through significant economic and infrastructure development, and advocating for tribal sovereignty and women's rights.
