A Swedish field marshal and politician who served as Lord Marshal of Sweden, known for his military victories and influential role in shaping the country's politics. He played a key role in the Russo-Swedish War and was a trusted advisor to King Gustav III.
Axel von Fersen the Elder, a prominent Swedish statesman and soldier of Baltic German descent, is famously known for his influential role in shaping the country's political landscape during the 18th century. As a skilled military strategist and respected leader, he served as Lord Marshal of the Riksdag of the Estates, working closely with King Gustav III before eventually opposing him.
Born on April 5, 1719, to Lieutenant General Hans Reinhold von Fersen and his wife Countess Eleonora Margareta Wachtmeister, Axel von Fersen the Elder entered the Swedish Life Guards in 1740. He later served in the French service in the Royal-Suedois from 1743 to 1748, where he rose to the rank of brigadier. His brother, Count Carl von Fersen, would later gain notoriety as a Swedish count and diplomat.
Fersen's involvement in politics began as a member of the Hat party, where he was elected Lord Marshal at the Riksdag of 1755-1756. He served three non-consecutive terms in this position before the Revolution of 1772. During this period, he successfully opposed the projects of the court for increasing the royal power in 1756. However, after the Seven Years War, he returned to court, eventually contributing to the establishment of absolutism.
In 1766, when the Caps party came to power, Fersen refused to employ the Guards to maintain order in the capital, leading to King Adolf Frederick of Sweden's abdication and a seven-day interregnum. At the subsequent Riksdag of 1769, Fersen was re-elected marshal of the diet, but failed to fulfill his pre-election pledges to Crown Prince Gustavus (later Gustav III) to reform the constitution. This inaction ultimately contributed to the rise of absolutism.
When Gustav III ascended the throne in 1772, he attempted to reconcile the two factions by dividing political power between them. Fersen, however, expressed his despair at quickly bringing about the necessary reforms, leading to a rift between the two. Despite his later opposition to the king, Fersen's legacy as a skilled politician and military strategist remains undeniable.
Axel von Fersen the Elder's remarkable life serves as a testament to his unwavering dedication to his country and his unshakeable commitment to his principles. His influence on Swedish politics during the 18th century continues to be felt, and his legacy as a skilled statesman and soldier remains an inspiration to generations to come.
Born in 1746
King of Sweden from 1771 to 1792, known for his cultural and artistic achievements, and his assassination at a masquerade ball. He was a patron of the arts and a strong leader who modernized Sweden's government and economy.
Born in 1778
King of Sweden from 1792 to 1809, known for his disastrous foreign policy and military failures, leading to the loss of Finland to Russia.
Born in 1748
King of Sweden and Norway from 1809 to 1818, known for his role in the Finnish War and the Convention of Moss, which led to the union of Sweden and Norway.
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Liberalizing reforms and abolishing serfdom in Russia, earning the nickname "Liberator."
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A French military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and became Emperor of France, known for his military conquests and reorganization of Europe. He is also famous for his Napoleonic Code, which remains a foundation of modern law.
Born in 1729
Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796, she transformed her country into a major European power, modernizing its culture, politics, and economy through numerous reforms and conquests.
