German ruler of Saxony who introduced the Reformation and played a key role in the early Protestant movement, shaping the course of European history.
Ernest, Elector of Saxony, is renowned for his profound impact on the history of Saxony, Thuringia, and the Holy Roman Empire. As the founder and progenitor of the Ernestine line of Saxon princes, he left an indelible mark on the region, shaping its politics, culture, and identity.
Born on March 24, 1441, in Meissen, Ernest was the second son and fourth child of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony, and Margaret of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. The death of his older brother Frederick in 1451 propelled Ernest to the position of heir apparent to the Electorate of Saxony.
In 1455, Ernest's life took a dramatic turn when he was briefly kidnapped, along with his brother Albert, by Kunz von Kaufungen, a German knight. This infamous episode, known as the Prinzenraub or "The Stealing of the Princes," would forever change the course of Ernest's life.
In 1464, Ernest succeeded his father as Elector of Saxony, marking the beginning of a new era in Saxon politics. He went on to annex Thuringia in 1482, significantly expanding his territory. The Treaty of Leipzig in 1485 saw Ernest divide his territory with his brother Albert, receiving the areas around Wittenberg, the southern Thuringian part, the Vogtland, and parts of the Pleissnerland.
Ernest married Elisabeth of Bavaria in Leipzig on November 19, 1460, and together they had seven children. His offspring would go on to play significant roles in shaping the future of Saxony and the Holy Roman Empire.
Tragically, Ernest's life was cut short on August 26, 1486, when he died at the age of 46, following a fall from a horse in Colditz. Despite his untimely demise, Ernest's legacy endured, shaping the course of Saxon history for generations to come.
As Elector of Saxony, Ernest introduced the constitution, prioritizing the welfare of his people, and established Wittenberg as his residence. His leadership and vision paved the way for a new era of growth, stability, and cultural flourishing in Saxony.