The first king of modern Greece, reigning from 1832 to 1862, known for his efforts to modernize and unify the country. He implemented various reforms, including the creation of a constitution and the establishment of a national bank.
Born in 1786
The King of Bavaria who commissioned the iconic Neuschwanstein Castle, a fairytale-like palace that inspired the Disney castle, and was a patron of the arts, supporting Richard Wagner's operas.
Born in 1688
The King of Prussia who ruled with an iron fist, centralizing power and modernizing the state, while also being a patron of the arts and architecture. He's known for his military reforms and frugal lifestyle.
Born in 1820
Unified Italy's first king, who played a key role in the country's unification and modernization. He's remembered for his strong leadership and diplomatic skills.
Born in 1830
Queen of Spain from 1833 to 1868, known for her tumultuous reign marked by political instability, corruption, and social unrest. She was eventually exiled to France after a revolution.
Born in 1825
The last emperor of Brazil, ruling from 1831 to 1889, known for modernizing and stabilizing the country, abolishing slavery, and promoting education and infrastructure development.
Born in 1845
The Russian monarch who ruled from 1881 to 1894, known for his conservative and nationalistic policies, as well as his efforts to reform the Russian Empire's government and economy.