A renowned singer, actor, and activist who used his talents to promote social justice and equality, particularly for African Americans, through powerful performances and outspoken advocacy.
Paul Robeson was an American bass-baritone concert artist, actor, professional football player, and activist who became famous for his cultural accomplishments and his political stances. He was a towering figure in the Harlem Renaissance, with performances in Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones and All God's Chillun Got Wings, and went on to become a major success in the London premiere of Show Boat in 1928.
Robeson's life was a testament to his boundless energy and talent. Born on April 9, 1898, in Princeton, New Jersey, he was a brilliant student who won an academic scholarship to Rutgers College in New Brunswick, New Jersey. He was the only African American student at Rutgers, where he was twice named a consensus All-American in football and was elected class valedictorian. He earned his LL.B. from Columbia Law School, all while playing in the National Football League (NFL).
Robeson's acting career began in the 1920s, with performances in the touring melodrama Voodoo in 1922, and Emperor Jones in 1925. He gained international recognition for his portrayal of Joe in the London production of Show Boat, which premiered in 1928. His powerful, rich voice and commanding stage presence made him a sensation in the world of music and theater.
Robeson's political activities began with his involvement with unemployed workers and anti-imperialist students in Britain. He supported the Republican cause during the Spanish Civil War and was an active member of the Council on African Affairs (CAA). After returning to the United States in 1939, Robeson supported the American and Allied war efforts during World War II. However, his history of supporting civil rights causes and Soviet policies brought scrutiny from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
During the McCarthy era, Robeson was investigated for his alleged ties to communism. He refused to recant his public advocacy for civil rights and liberal causes, which led to his blacklisting in the entertainment industry. Despite the controversy, Robeson continued to perform and speak out against social injustice, inspiring generations of activists and artists.
Paul Robeson's legacy extends far beyond his impressive list of accomplishments. He was a true cultural icon, whose passion, talent, and commitment to social justice continue to inspire us today. His music, films, and writings remain a testament to his enduring spirit and artistic genius.
"The artist must elect to fight for freedom or slavery. I have made my choice. I had no alternative."
Paul Robeson's influence can be seen in the work of many artists, including Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, and Ossie Davis. His music, films, and writings continue to inspire new generations of artists, activists, and scholars.
As a multifaceted genius who defied categorization, Paul Robeson remains an enduring figure in American cultural history. His legacy continues to inspire us to fight for freedom, justice, and equality, and to celebrate the power of art to transform and uplift humanity.
Born in 1902
A renowned poet, novelist, and playwright who powerfully voiced the experiences and struggles of African Americans during the Harlem Renaissance, using jazz and blues rhythms to convey the spirit of his people.
Born in 1903
A prominent figure of the Harlem Renaissance, he crafted poignant poetry and novels that explored the African American experience, earning a lasting legacy in American literary history.
Born in 1868
A pioneering figure in the struggle for racial equality, advocating for civil rights and social justice through groundbreaking research and powerful writings.
Born in 1891
A celebrated author and anthropologist who explored African-American culture through novels, stories, and folklore, particularly in the rural South during the early 20th century.
Born in 1899
A legendary jazz pianist, composer, and bandleader who revolutionized the genre with his unique style and iconic compositions, such as "Take the A Train" and "Mood Indigo".
Born in 1917
A virtuosic jazz vocalist known for her pure, expressive tone, impeccable phrasing, and incredible scat singing abilities. She won 13 Grammy Awards and recorded over 200 albums.
Born in 1901
A legendary jazz musician who revolutionized the genre with his unique trumpet playing and raspy vocals, leaving an indelible mark on American music.
Born in 1897
A renowned contralto who broke racial barriers in the music industry, performing at the White House and becoming a symbol of the Civil Rights Movement.
