Henry Hammond: The Royalist Cleric and Theologian of 17th Century England

Henry Hammond, a prominent English churchman, historian, and theologian of the 17th century, is best known for his unwavering support of the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. Born on August 18, 1605, in Chertsey, Surrey, Hammond's life was marked by his dedication to the Church of England and his loyalty to the monarchy.

Early Life and Education

Hammond was the youngest son of John Hammond, a physician to the royal household under King James I. His family purchased the site of Chertsey Abbey in Surrey in 1602. Hammond's brother, Thomas Hammond, would later become a regicide of King Charles I. Henry Hammond received his education at Eton College and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he became a demy or scholar in 1619. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1622, Master of Arts in 1625, Bachelor of Divinity in 1634, and Doctor of Divinity in 1639.

Royalist Cleric

In 1633, Hammond preached before the court, filling in for Accepted Frewen, and gained the approval of Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester. He was subsequently presented with the living of Penshurst in Kent. Hammond's mother played an active role in his parochial work, keeping house for him and aiding him in his duties. During this period, he also undertook the education of William Temple and supported the education of the antiquary William Fulman.

English Civil War and Royalist Involvement

In 1640, Hammond became a member of the convocation and was present at the passing of the Lauds new canons. When the Long Parliament summoned him, he declined to leave Penshurst. He was nominated to the Westminster Assembly by Philip Wharton, 4th Baron Wharton, but instead chose to participate in the unsuccessful rising at Tonbridge in favor of King Charles I. Hammond helped raise a troop of horse in his neighborhood for the King's service and was forced to flee in disguise to Oxford, then the royal headquarters.

Career Highlights and Major Works

Hammond's notable works include:

• Of Schism, a treatise on the nature of schism and its effects on the Church of England
• A Practical Catechism, a comprehensive guide to Christian doctrine and practice
• The Vindication of the Church of England, a defense of the Church of England against Puritan criticisms

Historical Context and Legacy

Hammond's life and work spanned a tumultuous period in English history, marked by the English Civil War and the rise of Puritanism. Despite his loyalty to the monarchy, Hammond remained committed to the Church of England and worked tirelessly to promote unity and understanding among its members. His writings continue to provide valuable insights into the theological and ecclesiastical debates of the 17th century.

Personal Milestones and Key Life Events

• 1605: Born on August 18th in Chertsey, Surrey
• 1622: Graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Magdalen College, Oxford
• 1625: Graduated with a Master of Arts degree from Magdalen College, Oxford
• 1633: Preached before the court and gained royal approval
• 1634: Graduated with a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Magdalen College, Oxford
• 1639: Graduated with a Doctor of Divinity degree from Magdalen College, Oxford
• 1643: Became Archdeacon of Chichester
• 1660: Died on April 25th

Through his life and work, Henry Hammond demonstrated his devotion to the Church of England and the monarchy, earning his place as a significant figure in English ecclesiastical history.