Charles Le Brun: The Famed French Painter and Art Theorist
A Dominant Figure in 17th-century French Art
Charles Le Brun, a French painter, physiognomist, art theorist, and director of several art schools, is renowned for his profound influence on French art during the 17th century. Serving as a court painter to
Louis XIV, he was declared the greatest French artist of all time by the king himself.
Early Life and Training
Born in Paris on February 24, 1619, Le Brun was noticed by Chancellor Sguier at the tender age of eleven, who placed him in the studio of
Simon Vouet. He was also a pupil of Franois Perrier. At fifteen, he received commissions from
Cardinal Richelieu, which earned him generous commendations from Nicolas Poussin, with whom he started for Rome in 1642.
Rome and Its Influence
During his four-year stay in Rome, Le Brun studied ancient Roman sculpture, made copies after Raphael, and absorbed the influence of local painters. This period played a significant role in shaping his artistic style, as he adapted Poussin's theories of art.
Return to Paris and Rise to Prominence
Upon his return to Paris in 1646, Le Brun found numerous patrons, with Nicholas Fouquet being the most important. He painted a large portrait of
Anne of Austria, which further solidified his reputation. Employed at Vaux-le-Vicomte, Le Brun ingratiated himself with Cardinal Mazarin, eventually pitting
Jean-Baptiste Colbert against Fouquet.
The Founding of the French Royal Academy
Le Brun was the driving force behind the establishment of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in 1648. He was elected as one of the original twelve elders in charge of its running, holding positions such as chancellor (1655), chancellor for life (1663), rector (1668), and director (1683).
Philosophical Contributions and Beliefs
Le Brun's art theories were deeply rooted in his belief that art should serve as a means to convey moral and philosophical messages. He advocated for the importance of humanism and the study of classical antiquity in art education.
Influence on Modern Society
Le Brun's impact on French art and architecture during the 17th century was immense. He influenced a generation of artists, including Pierre Mignard and Jacques Bourdon, and played a crucial role in shaping the artistic tastes of King Louis XIV.
Personal Milestones and Key Life Events
- 1642: Traveled to Rome with Nicolas Poussin
- 1646: Returned to Paris and started receiving commissions
- 1648: Co-founded the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture
- 1655: Became chancellor of the Academy
- 1663: Became chancellor for life
- 1668: Became rector of the Academy
- 1683: Became director of the Academy
- February 12, 1690: Passed away at the age of 71
Legacy
Charles Le Brun's legacy extends far beyond his own artistic creations. He played a pivotal role in shaping the artistic landscape of 17th-century France, leaving an indelible mark on the country's art, architecture, and culture. As a painter, art theorist, and educator, Le Brun's influence continues to be felt to this day.
FAQ
What was Charles Le Bruns role in French art?
Charles Le Brun was a dominant figure in French art, serving as Louis XIVs First Painter and Director of the Gobelins Manufactory. He helped establish the French Academy of Painting and Sculpture and promoted the development of French art.
What were some of Charles Le Bruns notable works?
Some of Charles Le Bruns notable works include his paintings, such as The Tent of Darius and The Queens of Persia, as well as his decorative works for the Palace of Versailles. His style blended classical and Baroque elements, showcasing his mastery of color and composition.
What was Charles Le Bruns relationship with Louis XIV?
Charles Le Brun had a close relationship with Louis XIV, serving as the kings First Painter and artistic advisor. He worked closely with the monarch to create artworks that reflected the kings power and prestige.
How did Charles Le Brun influence French art education?
Charles Le Brun influenced French art education by establishing the French Academy of Painting and Sculpture, which became a model for art schools throughout Europe. He also developed a systematic approach to art education, emphasizing the importance of classical training and technique.
What was Charles Le Bruns legacy in French art?
Charles Le Bruns legacy in French art is that of a visionary artist and educator who helped shape the course of French art. His works and teachings continue to inspire artists and art historians, and his influence can be seen in the development of French art throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
